Black hole jets, which spew near-light-speed particle beams, can trigger nearby white dwarf stars to explode by igniting hydrogen layers on their surfaces. “We don’t know what’s going on, but it’s just a very exciting finding,” said Alec Lessing, an astrophysicist at Stanford University and lead author of a new study describing the phenomenon, in an ESA release. Gizmodo reports:
In the recent work – set to publish in The Astrophysical Journal and is currently hosted on the preprint server arXiv – the team studied 135 novae in the galaxy M87, which hosts a supermassive black hole of the same name at its core. M87 is 6.5 billion times the mass of the Sun and was the first black hole to be directly imaged, in work done in 2019 by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. The team found twice as many novae erupting near M87’s 3,000 light-year-long plasma jet than elsewhere in the galaxy. The Hubble Space Telescope also directly imaged M87’s jet, which you can see below in luminous blue detail. Though it looks fairly calm in the image, the distance deceives you: this is a long tendril of superheated, near-light speed particles, somehow triggering stars to erupt.
Though previous researchers had suggested there was more activity in the jet’s vicinity, new observations with Hubble’s wider-view cameras revealed more of the novae brightening – indicating they were blowing hydrogen up off their surface layers. “There’s something that the jet is doing to the star systems that wander into the surrounding neighborhood. Maybe the jet somehow snowplows hydrogen fuel onto the white dwarfs, causing them to erupt more frequently,” Lessing said in the release. “But it’s not clear that it’s a physical pushing. It could be the effect of the pressure of the light emanating from the jet. When you deliver hydrogen faster, you get eruptions faster.” The new Hubble images of M87 are also the deepest yet taken, thanks to the newer cameras on Hubble. Though the team wrote in the paper that there’s between a 0.1% to 1% chance that their observations can be chalked up to randomness, most signs point to the jet somehow catalyzing the stellar eruptions.
Black holes don’t swallow everything around them for the same reason that the sun hasn’t swallowed all the planets. Outside of the event horizon, gravity still works normally and the fact that it’s a singularity doesn’t really matter. Gravitational capture usually involves multiple objects, because the trajectory has to get nudged for a collision to happen. A gaseous body collects mass at a faster rate than a black hole with the same mass.
I’m pretty sure they can “get full” and basically explode also.
Black holes? No. As far as we know, there is no limit to the mass of a black hole.
Not true. The upper limit is about 50 billion solar masses.
From wikipedia:
Supermassive black holes in any quasar or Active galactic nucleus appear to have a theoretical upper limit of physically around 50 billion solar masses as any mass above this slows growth to a crawl (the slowdown tends to start around 10 billion solar masses) and causes the unstable accretion disk surrounding the black hole to coalesce into stars that orbit it.
Ok a bit more I found.
The 5×10^10 number you referenced is the SMBH maximum mass for typically observed black holes. However, near the maximum prograde spin, given the age of the universe, a black hole would not have been able to accumulate more than 2.7×10^11 solar masses.
So, yes, a practical limit exists. But to point to OPs comment, no they will not explode.
I didn’t know that, but it makes sense that AGN would have a limit. Lemme look this up, we’re pretty close to my limit of astrophysics
There’s a limit to how big they can grow through accretion, yes, but no limit to their mass through mergers.
I wasn’t implying this. I was referring to how they would gradually increase in mass as they absorb particles that came close enough — the same way that all other matter accumulates.
What about the countless proton sized blackholes and matter dispersed between them? Wouldn’t they all interact with each other? How come the visible matter accumulated but the black holes did not? Are they so small that they’re all around us but too small to interact with non-primordial black holes?
Because the gas/mass is distributed over a larger area? As in, gas has a larger gravitational “dragnet”, relative to its mass?