Some of the report’s key findings include that “nuance” is required to successfully differentiate between food processing that adds nutritional value – such as fortification – vs food processing that diminishes it. Processed plant-based meat, for example, is typically better for human health and the planet than traditional meat, while processed pork is unsafe in even small quantities.

The report noted that public confusion around UPFs is likely limiting uptake of plant-based foods, and called for clearer dietary guidelines and classification of processed foods. The report also noted that plant-based meat typically offers less saturated fat and similar protein levels to processed meat, along with additional fiber.